The reaction time for car accidents depends on each person’s ability and training. The ability of emergency response is related to the decision time. Furthermore, the decision should consider disadvantages like the amount of people injured and property damage.
Research shows that the time of low awareness and concentration decreases the ability to respond, increasing the risk of accident. The necessary driving skills are accuracy of response, quick reaction time and good control of the steering wheel. Presently, there is technology that evaluates these driving skills. If the driver can reduce error of judgement, the chance of accident would decreased. Drivers get low accuracy scores, they should practice more. If the driver has slow response time, they should take a break in order to drive with common sense and reduce road accidents. In addition, the steering wheel skills are related to the experience of the driver. The driver should have experience before driving on the road in order to reduce road accidents.
According to the Domino Theory of H.W. Heinrich, if the first domino (Social environment of background) falls over, the next domino would fall over as well. Thus, if you don’t want the fourth domino (Accident) to fall over, you should remove third domino (Unsafe acts or unsafe condition) to prevent injury and property damage. Thus, if the driver has developed these 3 skills (accuracy of response, quick reaction time and good control of the steering wheel) as mentioned, it would help to reduce the chance of accident.
How responsive are you on emergencies
Various technologies exist to help people when unexpected accidents happen on the road.
There is a wide range of choice, especially with car accessories such as GPS, car cameras,
speed and distance recorder, emergency kit and break hammer rescue tool.
All devices as mentioned would save human life and help the driver in the case of the problems while driving.
Radar-type: This type is mostly used in which the officer manually detects or installs the device in the designated location. The device emits radar waves to target the car and the waves reflect back to the receiver. The reflected wave from the target car changes in size or frequency. Then the detector will calculate the speed value of the car.
Laser-type: This type is more accurate than radar-type and is used manually by human or automatic system. Moreover, the calculation is less than a second. The function of this type is to reflect the laser beam. It measures the reflection duration which uses the change of rate of distance per time to calculate the speed value of the target car.
Being safe with speed limits
The speed limit is set up for safety driving and road users which are listed below. Relevant departments consider about drive with high speed. Therefore, the technologies are used together with development of road users’ potential which can reduce the car accidents.
Thailand is ranked second place as the country with the highest fatality for worldwide road accidents. Mostly, the cause of accident is from terrible behavior of the drivers. The 8 behaviors causing accidents that should be avoided are as below;
exceeding the speed
Thai people’s always exceed the speed limit which will damage property and injure other people. Moreover, a warning letter and car photo are sent rapidly to the driver.
exceeding the speed limit
Often, drivers make slow decisions, therefore causing sudden lane changes. The accidents caused by illegal lane changes can cause serious injuries and property damage. Consequently, training and response tests are important for the drivers in order to have good decision-making skills.
Low decision-making skill and sudden lane change
According to the contents of the Land Traffic Act, there is legal punishment for using mobile phones or social media while driving. However, many drivers still violate the law. These behaviors may cause the drivers to not focus on the road. If car accidents occur, the innocent bystanders will be affected from other carelessness.
Reckless driving
These actions usually come from selfish drivers commonly found in large cities such as Bangkok. Furthermore, this is the cause of accident and argument as well.
Drunk driving
Safe driving requires alertness and the ability to make quick decisions in rapidly changing situations. Drinking alcohol can have a profound effect on driving skills which is decrease the skill of the drivers. Hence, the drunk drivers should avoid driving and take the taxi instead.
Not turning
Both motorcycle and car accidents are usually caused from not opening the indicator lights to warn the other vehicles. According to traffic law, indicator lights must be opened when the driver needs to turn or change lanes.
Disobeying traffic signs Traf
fic signs is an important for all drivers in understanding the rules of the road. Nonetheless, drivers always violate the law which crash into the other vehicles which affects other vehicles, causing them to crash.
No deceleration
This situation always occur in rural roads. When driving into the intersection, cars traveling at a high speed do not slow down. Thus, resulting in serious car crashes is seriously damaged.
Driving safety awareness is necessary for all drivers. Skill development and driving preparation before driving (both the driver and car) can reduce the cause of accidents. Nowadays, there are many trainings and devices that can increase the driving safety with high benefit if used appropriately.
図 洪水が発生している地域[/caption]
図 北東モンスーン https://www.windytv.com/?13.708,100.456,5[/caption]
昨年末から続いている大雨は、北東モンスーンに起因するものです。現在、タイは乾季に入っていますが、南部の地域ではモンスーンによって湿った空気が海から大量に流れ込んでおり、大雨の原因となっています。この大雨により、陸地に降った雨水が海へ排出しきれず、各地で洪水が発生しています。
次ページに、2017/1/1～1/16のタイ全土における降水量の分布を示します。同図によれば、今月前半のタイ南部における降水量の多さは顕著であり、一部では累積降雨量が1,000mm以上に達している地域もあります。また、平年と比較してもタイ南部における同期間の降水量は200mm～400mm多く、深刻な洪水を引き起こしています。
[caption id="attachment_1461" align="aligncenter" width="596"]
（累積降水量）（平年値との比較）図2017/1/1-1/16の降水量 (http://www.arcims.tmd.go.th/dailydata/MonthRain.php)[/caption]
【備考】
①河川の中に示されている黒文字の数値：河川流量
②上記①の近くに示されている青文字・括弧付きの数値：当該地点の限界流量（①の流量が②の流量以上となった場合、洪水が発生）
③上記②に付随する「アルファベット＋数値（例：N.67）」： 観測所の名称
④緑文字・－（マイナス）付きの数値：堤防天端から河川水位までの距離（0になった場合、洪水が発生）
⑤Chao Phraya Dam上・下流の数値（U/S +14.80、D/S+5.65）： ダム上下流における水位の標高（平均海水面からの高さ）
【備考】
①河川の中に示されている黒文字の数値：河川流量
②上記①の近くに示されている青文字・括弧付きの数値：当該地点の限界流量（①の流量が②の流量以上となった場合、洪水が発生）
③上記②に付随する「アルファベット＋数値（例：S.6）」： 観測所の名称
④緑文字・－（マイナス）付きの数値：堤防天端から河川水位までの距離（0になった場合、洪水が発生）
⑤Chao Phraya Dam上・下流の数値（U/S +14.80、D/S+5.65）： ダム上下流における水位の標高（平均海水面からの高さ）
主要ダムの水位は増加しておらず、総貯水容量に対する貯水量の割合は、Bhumibolダム：30%、Sirikitダム：37%、Kwae Noiダム：26%、Pasak ダム：19%となっています。
降水量: http://www.arcims.tmd.go.th/dailydata/MonthRain.php
【6月降水量】6月の初めからタイ全土で降雨があり、特に南部（西海岸）、北部、北東部、東部の一部では300mm以上の累積降水量が確認されています。【平年値との比較（6月）】南部（西海岸）を除く多くの地域で、平年降水量より100-200mm程度少ない状況です。【1～6月累積降水量】1～6月の降水量はタイ全土で300mm以上に達していますが、多くの地域では平年より降水量が少ない状況です。
月間天気予報（6月）: http://www.tmd.go.th/monthly_forecast.php
| 地域 | 降水量 | 降雨日数 | 最高気温 | 最低気温 |
| 北部 | 160-200 m | 17-20 day | 32-34℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 北東部 | 90-230 mm | 16-19 day | 33-35℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 中央部 | 140-180 mm | 15-18 day | 33-35℃ | 25-27℃ |
| 東部 | 250-300 mm | 6-19 day | 32-34℃ | 25-27℃ |
| 南部（東海岸） | 100-140 mm | 13-16 day | 32-34℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 南部（西海岸） | 300-400 mm | 18-21 day | 31-33℃ | 24-26℃ |
チャオプラヤ水系の河川水位（チャオプラヤダム上流）: http://water.rid.go.th/flood/plan_new/chaophaya/
いずれの観測地点も”Normal（洪水危険なし）”の状態です。
チャオプラヤ水系の河川水位（チャオプラヤダム下流）: http://water.rid.go.th/flood/plan_new/chaophaya/
いずれの観測地点も”Normal（洪水危険なし）”の状態です。
技術情報: Water news application: http://www.thaiwater.net/v3/research
NHC (National Hydro-informatics and Climate Data Center) が開発したアプリケーション（Thai Water）では、最新の洪水発生状況と注意情報を入手することが可能です。当アプリケーションは河川水位、ダム水位、台風予測に関する情報にもアクセスできますので、特に洪水リスクが高い拠点においては、防災活動の一環として同アプリケーションを活用することをお勧めします。
Bhumibol Damの貯水量は増加していませんが、Sirikitダム、Kwae Noiダム、Pasakダムは徐々に貯水量が回復しています。使用可能貯水量は、Bhumibolダム：2%、Sirikitダム：8%、Kwae Noiダム：21%、Pasak ダム：22%となっています。[/caption]
月間天気予報（6月）: http://www.tmd.go.th/monthly_forecast.php
| 地域 | 降水量 | 降雨日数 | 最高気温 | 最低気温 |
| 北部 | 160-200 mm | 17-20 day | 32-34℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 北東部 | 190-230 mm | 16-19 day | 33-35℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 中央部 | 140-180 mm | 15-18 day | 33-35℃ | 25-27℃ |
| 東部 | 250-300 mm | 16-19 day | 32-34℃ | 25-27℃ |
| 南部（東海岸） | 100-140 mm | 13-16 day | 32-34℃ | 24-26℃ |
| 南部（西海岸） | 300-400 mm | 18-21 day | 31-33℃ | 24-26℃ |
チャオプラヤ水系の河川水位（チャオプラヤダム上流）: http://water.rid.go.th/flood/plan_new/chaophaya/
いずれの観測地点も”Normal（洪水危険なし）”の状態です。
チャオプラヤ水系の河川水位（チャオプラヤダム下流）: http://water.rid.go.th/flood/plan_new/chaophaya/
いずれの観測地点も”Normal（洪水危険なし）”の状態です。
